Discussion on Automobile Adaptive Headlight Technology
For the headlights equipped with modern cars , only sufficient brightness is no longer the only standard to measure their pros and cons, and not being smart enough is the standard that reflects the technical level of headlights. "Smart" here refers to the different performance of the headlights in different weather and road conditions.
Traditional headlights' light level and direction control
Several decades ago, people had thought of a plan to improve the illumination performance of the headlights, but the first appearance at that time was very primitive. On the Citroen 2CV model launched in 1948, the driver can adjust the angle of illumination of the light through a control lever connected to the headlights, so that when the vehicle load changes, the illumination range of the headlights is not affected. Subsequently, the engineer installed a servo mechanism inside the headlight assembly, which can drive the headlight as a whole to change the irradiation angle through the gear set. However, for a long time, this solution was only for the adjustment of the lighting distance. At present, many models with headlight height adjustment can be regarded as derivatives of this technology.
The headlights directed straight ahead illuminate the road ahead, but the roads are not always straight. When encountering a curve, the defects of the direct light are exposed. We cannot see the situation inside the bend before the vehicle enters the bend, which creates a hidden danger that affects driving safety. In the 1930s, when electronic technology was not yet enlightened, the solution people thought of was still purely mechanical means. Some auto companies thought of using the third headlight connected to the steering mechanism to illuminate the road in the curve. According to this scheme, the third lamp can be turned left and right with the steering angle of the steering gear, which can basically meet the needs of the corner lighting at the time.
The above are the means for engineers to improve the headlights during the enlightenment stage. Today, as road conditions become more complicated and the driving speed is faster and faster, it has become a general trend to integrate electronic technology into the headlights.
AFS headlight system
For the current active headlight system with a wide range of names, the industry has a proper term --- Advanced front-lighTIng system. Its cutting achievement is the AFS adaptive headlight that we often see in the new car configuration table. But in fact, the headlight technology used by many manufacturers is not an adaptive headlight.
Unlike the previously introduced methods of using mechanical principles to solve the problem of headlight lighting, today's AFS relies on electronic sensors to work. These sensors can detect ambient light and then decide whether to turn on the headlights automatically; they can also monitor the vehicle's driving speed, body posture, etc., and adjust the headlights' illumination angle in time. Since 2003, many automobile manufacturers such as BMW Germany, Toyota Japan, Skoda Czech, etc. have begun to configure AFS for their products.
Automatic beam control
After setting two sets of far and near beams in the headlights, when to choose which set of beams to use has become a new problem for many drivers. There is a clear difference between Chinese drivers and American drivers in light usage habits. A large part of domestic drivers like to turn on the high beams to drive at night, and the reason they give is to illuminate a longer distance and obtain a larger viewing range; in the United States with better road lighting conditions, Drivers generally do not like to use high beams. Both of these driving habits have an adverse effect on safe driving. Long-term high beams can easily make drivers of oncoming vehicles see the road clearly, and low beams cannot cover a sufficient distance when driving at high speeds.
There are two ways to solve this problem. Road regulations are gradually improved to guide drivers to use lights properly. Auto manufacturers use technical means to reduce the frequency of driver distraction when driving. Therefore, the automatic beam control system came into being. This system consists of a photoresistor and a circuit connected to it. The photoresistor detects the light of the target vehicle during the meeting, and then automatically switches the high beam to low beam; when the light of the opposite vehicle disappears, the high beam automatically turns on again. During the driving of the vehicle, the driver no longer needs to intervene in the vehicle lights, and the automatic switching of the far and near lights will not affect the vision of the driver of the vehicle. Road driving is safer than before.
However, subject to the limitations of the technical level, ASF cannot yet accurately distinguish the lights emitted by vehicles or other external light sources, and false alarms sometimes occur. The Jeep Grand Cherokee, launched in 2005, replaced the photoresistor with a digital camera. The camera has a good ability to discern the source of ambient light. Since then, the AFS lighting system with the camera as the photosensitive element has officially become an important part of the vehicle driving assistance system.
Intelligent lighting system
The intelligent lighting system came out in 2006 and is a lighting system that uses five bi-xenon bulbs as the light source to provide five different lighting modes. The five lighting modes provided by the system correspond to urban roads and highways, respectively, and combine enhanced fog lights, corner auxiliary lighting and active lighting functions.
Adaptive high beam lighting system
AdapTIve highbeam assist is an adaptive high beam lighting system used by Mercedes-Benz in the market. Its original design is to avoid the impact of the lights on the drivers of the facing vehicles and the vehicles in front. This system was originally applied to Mercedes-Benz E-Class vehicles launched in 2009. The system can adjust the illumination range of the light steplessly, rather than the simple two-stage switching of far and near beams. According to the different traffic flow and road lighting conditions, the high beam irradiation distance can be extended from 65 meters to 300 meters. This system also uses a camera as a photosensitive element, so the working reliability is greatly improved. Subsequently, Mercedes-Benz also applied this technology in S-class, CLS and C-class models. Other manufacturers have similar technologies.
Glare-free high beam headlights and dot matrix headlights
The glare-free high-beam headlights and dot-matrix headlights can be regarded as a symbol of the highest level of headlight development. The glare-free high beam is based on the development of an adaptive high beam lighting system, and its core component is still a camera for light sensitivity. The part of the upgrade is that the left and right two sets of headlights can independently switch the lighting mode. On the side that easily affects other drivers, the headlights can dynamically switch the illumination range to ensure that it does not directly hit other drivers; on the other side, the headlights can ensure a far enough lighting range as far as possible to provide good drivers for the car. Vision. Volkswagen's 2011 Touareg, Phaeton and Overseas Passat became the first models equipped with this technology.
Dot matrix lights
Dot-matrix lights are named local lighting systems in the Mercedes-Benz camp. The high beam of the local lighting system is composed of 100 LED light-emitting elements. The system can activate these semiconductor elements separately, so when a car approaches, the system will accurately calculate the area where other road users are located, and turn off the Area-related LEDs. The system can complete this recognition with the help of an infrared camera. In addition, the reaction speed of the pure electronic module used in the system is also much higher than the mechanical shutter / roller technology currently used.
The local lighting function can also provide lighting for potentially hazardous areas. When the infrared camera detects pedestrians in front of the road, the system can illuminate the area outside the ordinary high-beam lighting area in a short time. Its function is similar to a spotlight, which can remind the driver of potential danger. At present, this technology is still in the research and development stage, and has not been put on the market.
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