Interpretation of European and American LED drive power regulations
The large-scale application of LED lighting began indoors and gradually transitioned to public lighting and outdoor road lighting. The domestic market is widely used both indoors and outdoors, based on the government's favorable policies. Compared with the domestic market, in developed countries such as Europe and North America, LED lighting is basically consistent with domestic pace in indoor applications, but it is slightly behind domestic in outdoor LED lighting.
This is related to market behavior and government policy. But it is undeniable that the European and American markets are relatively cautious in pushing the LED pace. With the gradual maturity of the LED lighting market and technology in recent years, the European and American markets have obviously accelerated the pace of promotion, and at the same time, revised and revised regulations to meet market demand. This has a great impact on domestic export-oriented enterprises. This article will be based on the European and North American markets, focusing on the requirements of these two markets for LED drive power in safety, electromagnetic compatibility and other related regulations.
In all regulations, safety is listed as the top priority of all regulations, and companies must pay attention to the safety requirements of the target market when developing products. According to relevant documents, since 2012, the EU Non-Food Rapid Alert System (RAPEX) has notified China's export of LED lighting products hundreds of times, most of which are due to creepage distance, clearance, high voltage or lightning strikes. Factors cannot be caused by compliance with relevant regulations. It can be seen that meeting the regulatory requirements of the target market is a basic requirement for winning overseas markets.
The main contents of the regulatory items for LED drive power are:
1. Safety elements: insulation resistance, withstand voltage, leakage current, temperature rise, creepage distance and clearance, test under fault conditions, safety grounding, etc.
2, electromagnetic compatibility: conduction, radiation, harmonics, static electricity, surge, fast pulse group, voltage drop, etc.;
3, performance requirements: total line power, line power factor, output voltage, current, durability, etc.;
4, energy-saving requirements: PF (power factor), efficiency, energy efficiency labeling, etc.;
5. Application environment: IP protection level (CE, CQC, etc.), rain test (UL).
For the application for certification in Europe and America, the regulations adopted are shown in Table 1 (with the requirements of domestic regulations):
It can be seen from Table 1 that the EU and domestic regulations mainly refer to the IEC regulations, and are generally equivalent or equivalent to the IEC standards. In fact, most of the world's major countries except the North American market, mostly based on the IEC standards. Only the US UL standard is self-contained, but there are many intersections between the regulatory content and the IEC standard. This also shows that the global certification is consistent in many aspects of security considerations.
It is necessary to point out that when applying for UL certification in the North American market, there is no requirement for electromagnetic compatibility. This is different from CE and CQC certification, but compared to other types of power products. Obviously, there are fewer, such as CQC certification, which only requires conduction, radiation and THD.
The output voltage of the power supply is divided into high and low voltages. In the European market, the output voltage below 120Vdc is defined as a safe voltage, and in North America it is divided by 60Vdc (class 2 power supply). Both high voltage drive and low voltage drive have advantages and disadvantages. The high-efficiency driving power supply has high overall efficiency and energy saving, but there are potential safety hazards. In safety, the secondary safety distance and clearance should be considered. The low-voltage driving power supply has low efficiency and the power supply temperature rises, which affects the overall life of the power supply, but it is safe. Advantages, the line layout is easy to deal with safety distances and clearances.
When applying for CE certification, if the drive power meets the SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage) requirement, the SELV mark can be marked on the nameplate of the power supply to remind the engineer that the output of this power supply meets the SELV requirements.
The UL8750 is a North American regulation that regulates LED luminaires. The LED driver power supply is used as a component of the luminaire and is also required to be evaluated by the luminaire when applying for UL certification. Its security considerations are roughly the same as those of ITE devices. One of the key requirements is to distinguish the use environment into dry (Dry), damp (Damp), and soak (Wet). The test requirements and markings are different. The evaluation of the drive power can be UL1310 or UL1012.
The UL1310 (Class 2 power supply unit) is a regulation for low-output energy sources in the United States. It limits the output voltage and energy capacity of the power supply. Under any output load, the power supply of this type of power does not exceed 660W. Its main requirements are:
1. The output energy needs to be <100VA, that is, the output power is less than 100W;
2, the output current <= 5A, the output current <= 8A under any circumstances (such as short circuit abnormal conditions);
3. The input voltage can only be applied to 240Vac, which is clearly defined in the scope. If you have higher voltage requirements (such as 277V), you need to apply for other regulations such as UL1012 (the United States has a variety of grid voltages for special reasons);
4, independent outdoor power supply needs to consider the power supply to do rain test.
The CLASS2 power supply is divided into two limits: the ENERGY LIMITING CIRCUIT and the NOT ENERGY LIMITING CIRCUIT. The two have different requirements on the output indicators. See Table 2 and Table 3 for details.
In terms of environmental requirements, UL does not have an IP protection concept, and corresponds to a rain test. This is different from CE. If the test requirements are met, there is a corresponding report in the UL report, but there is no independent mark. In addition, UL1310 also specifies the assembly mechanical structure, performance test requirements and product labeling of the CLASS2 power supply. UL1012 is complementary to UL1310, and power supplies that fail to meet UL1310 requirements are evaluated using UL1012 regulations.
There are many intersections between the European and American countries on the safety aspects of product certification, but there are also differences, mainly as follows:
1. In terms of EMC, CE certification has some requirements for this, and UL does not consider this;
2. In terms of safety voltage, CE adopts the concept of internationally popular SELV. Its output voltage is divided into 120Vdc, and there are independent signs on the nameplate. UL corresponds to the CLASS2 power supply, and its output voltage is generally less than 60Vdc. At the same time, such power supplies also have requirements for energy limitations.
3. In terms of environment, CE adopts internationally-used IP protection, and also has independent marking symbols. The corresponding rain test of UL has no corresponding indication, but only records are reported.
Only by fully understanding the similarities and differences of different market regulations and respecting the regulatory requirements can enterprises design products that meet market requirements, which is also the basic requirement for products to pass through the market.
This is related to market behavior and government policy. But it is undeniable that the European and American markets are relatively cautious in pushing the LED pace. With the gradual maturity of the LED lighting market and technology in recent years, the European and American markets have obviously accelerated the pace of promotion, and at the same time, revised and revised regulations to meet market demand. This has a great impact on domestic export-oriented enterprises. This article will be based on the European and North American markets, focusing on the requirements of these two markets for LED drive power in safety, electromagnetic compatibility and other related regulations.
In all regulations, safety is listed as the top priority of all regulations, and companies must pay attention to the safety requirements of the target market when developing products. According to relevant documents, since 2012, the EU Non-Food Rapid Alert System (RAPEX) has notified China's export of LED lighting products hundreds of times, most of which are due to creepage distance, clearance, high voltage or lightning strikes. Factors cannot be caused by compliance with relevant regulations. It can be seen that meeting the regulatory requirements of the target market is a basic requirement for winning overseas markets.
The main contents of the regulatory items for LED drive power are:
1. Safety elements: insulation resistance, withstand voltage, leakage current, temperature rise, creepage distance and clearance, test under fault conditions, safety grounding, etc.
2, electromagnetic compatibility: conduction, radiation, harmonics, static electricity, surge, fast pulse group, voltage drop, etc.;
3, performance requirements: total line power, line power factor, output voltage, current, durability, etc.;
4, energy-saving requirements: PF (power factor), efficiency, energy efficiency labeling, etc.;
5. Application environment: IP protection level (CE, CQC, etc.), rain test (UL).
For the application for certification in Europe and America, the regulations adopted are shown in Table 1 (with the requirements of domestic regulations):
It can be seen from Table 1 that the EU and domestic regulations mainly refer to the IEC regulations, and are generally equivalent or equivalent to the IEC standards. In fact, most of the world's major countries except the North American market, mostly based on the IEC standards. Only the US UL standard is self-contained, but there are many intersections between the regulatory content and the IEC standard. This also shows that the global certification is consistent in many aspects of security considerations.
It is necessary to point out that when applying for UL certification in the North American market, there is no requirement for electromagnetic compatibility. This is different from CE and CQC certification, but compared to other types of power products. Obviously, there are fewer, such as CQC certification, which only requires conduction, radiation and THD.
The output voltage of the power supply is divided into high and low voltages. In the European market, the output voltage below 120Vdc is defined as a safe voltage, and in North America it is divided by 60Vdc (class 2 power supply). Both high voltage drive and low voltage drive have advantages and disadvantages. The high-efficiency driving power supply has high overall efficiency and energy saving, but there are potential safety hazards. In safety, the secondary safety distance and clearance should be considered. The low-voltage driving power supply has low efficiency and the power supply temperature rises, which affects the overall life of the power supply, but it is safe. Advantages, the line layout is easy to deal with safety distances and clearances.
When applying for CE certification, if the drive power meets the SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage) requirement, the SELV mark can be marked on the nameplate of the power supply to remind the engineer that the output of this power supply meets the SELV requirements.
The UL8750 is a North American regulation that regulates LED luminaires. The LED driver power supply is used as a component of the luminaire and is also required to be evaluated by the luminaire when applying for UL certification. Its security considerations are roughly the same as those of ITE devices. One of the key requirements is to distinguish the use environment into dry (Dry), damp (Damp), and soak (Wet). The test requirements and markings are different. The evaluation of the drive power can be UL1310 or UL1012.
The UL1310 (Class 2 power supply unit) is a regulation for low-output energy sources in the United States. It limits the output voltage and energy capacity of the power supply. Under any output load, the power supply of this type of power does not exceed 660W. Its main requirements are:
1. The output energy needs to be <100VA, that is, the output power is less than 100W;
2, the output current <= 5A, the output current <= 8A under any circumstances (such as short circuit abnormal conditions);
3. The input voltage can only be applied to 240Vac, which is clearly defined in the scope. If you have higher voltage requirements (such as 277V), you need to apply for other regulations such as UL1012 (the United States has a variety of grid voltages for special reasons);
4, independent outdoor power supply needs to consider the power supply to do rain test.
The CLASS2 power supply is divided into two limits: the ENERGY LIMITING CIRCUIT and the NOT ENERGY LIMITING CIRCUIT. The two have different requirements on the output indicators. See Table 2 and Table 3 for details.
In terms of environmental requirements, UL does not have an IP protection concept, and corresponds to a rain test. This is different from CE. If the test requirements are met, there is a corresponding report in the UL report, but there is no independent mark. In addition, UL1310 also specifies the assembly mechanical structure, performance test requirements and product labeling of the CLASS2 power supply. UL1012 is complementary to UL1310, and power supplies that fail to meet UL1310 requirements are evaluated using UL1012 regulations.
There are many intersections between the European and American countries on the safety aspects of product certification, but there are also differences, mainly as follows:
1. In terms of EMC, CE certification has some requirements for this, and UL does not consider this;
2. In terms of safety voltage, CE adopts the concept of internationally popular SELV. Its output voltage is divided into 120Vdc, and there are independent signs on the nameplate. UL corresponds to the CLASS2 power supply, and its output voltage is generally less than 60Vdc. At the same time, such power supplies also have requirements for energy limitations.
3. In terms of environment, CE adopts internationally-used IP protection, and also has independent marking symbols. The corresponding rain test of UL has no corresponding indication, but only records are reported.
Only by fully understanding the similarities and differences of different market regulations and respecting the regulatory requirements can enterprises design products that meet market requirements, which is also the basic requirement for products to pass through the market.
3 Liter Oil Deep Fryer,3L Capacity Deep Fryer,Electrical Deep Fryer,Stainless Steel Deep Fryer
Shaoxing Haoda Electrical Appliance Co.,Ltd , https://www.zjhaoda.com